Essay On Campaign Finance - 753 Words

What is the current status of campaign finance reform? Campaign Finance alludes to attempts to control the courses in which political crusades are supported. This incorporates all burning through done to advance or bolster the advancement of applicants, ticket measures, political gatherings and thats only the tip of the iceberg. Directions can be connected to regular people, enterprises, political activity boards of trustees, political gatherings and different associations. They can come as motivating forces, for example, giving open financing to applicants who maintain spending limits, and limitations, for example, commitment confines on givers. Authoritative endeavors, legal decisions and native activities have every single assumed†¦show more content†¦Is reform a realistic expectation of the American political process? Yes, reform is a realistic expectation of the American political process. The inquiry ought to be how to change? The appropriate response is, at one time a government official clears a specific obstacle, similar to a specific number of marks, in particular, free broadcast appointment on TV and Radio.Reform of the financing of political gatherings and competitors is conceivable, as well as can be extremely vainglorious. On the off chance that all limitations were lifted, the applicants could get cash from organizations, people, guilds and of any sort of source they acknowledge. This would all be open learning and the individual voters would approach this data. Hopefuls would be responsible for their own financing; the competitor would be responsible not just for the cash got, but the resulting voting. Cash is given by associations however not focusing on a particular competitor or crusade is now and again named delicate cash. This cash can be utilized for a political gathering on asso ciations, enrolling, or such things, without particularly naming an applicant. This can called unregulatedbecause it doesnt go to a specific competitor, despite the fact that some say that is the real outcome. In this way,Show MoreRelatedEssay On Campaign Finance1196 Words   |  5 PagesNecessity of Campaign Finance The right of free speech granted to all citizens in the first amendment, the necessity of funding expensive political campaigns, and the fact that small donations make a candidate responsive to the needs of their constituents, all make any restrictions on campaign financing unneeded and onerous. Congress should strike down any bills attempting to reform this essential part of the U.S. election process. Any further restrictions on donations to political campaigns will proveRead MoreEssay on Campaign Finance Issues2167 Words   |  9 Pagesa voice in our own government. Elections are the choice microphones for many citizens. There on Election Day, they have the right of making their voices heard; however, many interest groups and a few individuals seem to have a louder voice due to campaign financing: No U.S. official should be beholden to one or a few groups. And no group or individual should have a greater claim on our elected leaders than any other. That’s the way it should work. But it is growing clear to more and more AmericansRead MoreEssay on Campaign Finance Reform1003 Words   |  5 PagesCampaign Finance Reform The politics is a stage for many different characters of whom each is trying to convince their audience to give them the loudest cheer and the grand applause. Politicians who played the acts will do their best and sometimes will do everything to win the hearts of their audience and that means to win at all cost. Politics involves money for it is the way to make campaign possible that is why there are campaign managers and campaign funds to whoever will run for any officeRead MoreCampaign Finance Reform Essay1544 Words   |  7 PagesCampaign Finance Reform The Democratic and Republican presidential nominees for 1999 raised an astounding 126 million to finance their campaigns in the primaries (Godfrey). The U.S. national political parties raised a record 107.2 million dollars in soft money contributions in 1999 (Campaign Finance Reform). During the 1995-96 elections, public citizens estimated that an astounding 150 million dollars was spent on phony issue ads designed to support or oppose congressional and presidentialRead MoreCampaign Finance Reform Essay782 Words   |  4 PagesCampaign Finance Reform Effective election campaigns have always relied on the candidates’ ability to raise money. Even in the days before television, radio and the internet, it still took money to get the word out to the people in a far-flung land. However, today’s candidates are faced with raising larger and larger amounts of money with each new election that comes along. Individuals are the primary source of campaign funding at the federal level, with political action committees runningRead MoreEssay about Campaign Finance Reform2666 Words   |  11 PagesCampaign finance reform has a broad history in America. In particular, campaign finance has developed extensively in the past forty years, as the courts have attempted to create federal elections that best sustain the ideals of a representative democracy. In the most recent Supreme Court decision concerning campaign finance, Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission, the Court essentially decided to treat corporations like individuals by allowing corporations to spend money on federal electionsRead MoreThe Politics of Campaign Finance Essay2530 Words   |  11 Pagestoday that we cannot go a day with out seeing campaign finance in the media, whether or not it is through advertisements for politicians in the media or asked to donate money to help let your favorite candidate win. Because campa ign finance has always been on the back burner of political issues, there has hardly been any change to the large influence money has over the election process and politicians. While money has it’s place in the way campaigns are not it should not be the sole determinant ofRead MoreCampaign Finance Reform Essay3020 Words   |  13 Pagestheir campaign. Contributors range from unions, religious leaders, organizations such as Mothers Against Drunk Drivers (MADD), the National Rifle Association (NRA), and senior citizens groups. When these groups, known as special interest groups, donate to candidate’s campaign, they expect the candidate to respond to their issues. Because special interest groups, as well as private citizens donate more and more money to campaigns, there is some concern that there is a great need for campaign financeRead MoreCampaign Finance Reform Essay454 Words   |  2 PagesCampaign Finance Reform Campaign finance issues are complicated in the United States by the fact that the funding sources of the Republican and Democratic parties differ so sharply. As a result, any reforms intended to affect one kind of funding are likely to adversely and disproportionately affect one of the two parties. Furthermore, while most issues on which elected officials decide concern benefits for constituents. Campaign finance reform involves changing an institution that benefitsRead MoreEssay about Campaign Finance Reform1256 Words   |  6 PagesCampaign Finance Reform With the introduction of â€Å"soft† money in politics, elections no longer go to the best candidate, but simply to the richer one. Soft money is defined as unregulated money that is given to the political parties that ends up being used by candidates in an election. In last year’s elections, the Republican and Democratic parties raised more than one-half of a billion dollars in soft money. Current politicians are pushing the envelope farther than any previous administrations

Essay on Ethics, Values and Leadership in Business

Question 1: Explain the importance of ethics and values in business sustainability. Question 2: How important is leadership in the success of business organizations. CONTENTS Cover Page†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..1 Contents Page†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.2 Ethical Values and Business Sustainability†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 Importance Of Leadership In The Business Organisation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.6 Bibliography†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9 Ethics And Values In Business Sustainability. What are ethics? â€Å"Ethics can be defined as moral principles that govern or influence a person’s behavior† –Hornby What are values? â€Å"Values can be defined as the context within which an organisation or a†¦show more content†¦Ethics in this context focuses on the analysis of an employee or business’s behaviour, however within the market economy ethics has to mainly deal with the business and the individuals that have anything to do with the business. This therefore means as we focus on the business we are mainly looking at business ethics. Business ethics has to do with the moral principles and behaviour as an organisation. Its thorough definition according to the Business Management textbook [2012] is that â€Å"Business ethics can be defined as written or unwritten codes of principles or values that govern decisions and actions within an organisations†. It’s basically the application of moral principles in the commercial world. The organisational culture is determined by the ethics and values of those within the business. As part of ethics it is important to also look at the King Reports that were determined by Mervyn King in 1993. The King reports look at mainly three points, management ethics, the King codes which are the guidelines to management in terms of ethics and corporate social responsibility. King’s management ethics recommended managers to behave ethically within the business; he stressed the importance of Responsible Corporate Behaviour and also emphasised that businesses must have a code of ethics. King gave guidelines as principles to management for them to perform responsible corporate behaviour, he emphasized how employees have to be transparentShow MoreRelatedEthics and Values in Business Sustainability789 Words   |  3 PagesQuestion 1 Rough Draft Ethics and values can be described as very important to business sustainability. There are ethics which are individual moral principles that govern or influence a person’s behaviour and there are business ethics which are written or unwritten codes of principles or values that govern decisions and actions within an organisation. Values are the context within which an organisation or a society’s norms are established and justified. All these aspects are important to the sustainabilityRead MoreTable of content 1. Introduction 2. Importance of values and ethics in the business †¢ Ethical1200 Words   |  5 PagesImportance of values and ethics in the business †¢ Ethical conducts in organisations 3. Importance of leadership in the success of business Introduction â€Å"Ethics can be defined as moral principles that govern or influence a person’s behaviour and values are the context in which an organisation or society’s norms are established and justified† (buzz text book).Ethics are the guidelines helping us tell the difference between the is wrong and right. Most people are encouraged by ethics to normallyRead MoreValues That Make An Ethical Business Leader972 Words   |  4 PagesValues That Make an Ethical Business Leader Values and ethics are essential for any good business leader, but what exactly does it mean to have good values and ethics? Both are extremely broad terms, however they both are very relevant in business leaders. â€Å"Values can be defined as things that are important to or valued by someone. That someone can be an individual or an organization. Values determine what is right and what is wrong, and doing what is right or wrong is what defines ethics. To behaveRead MoreEthics And Corporate Social Responsibility1637 Words   |  7 PagesPractices of Leadership contributed to Managing Sustainability: Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility in the post-bureaucratic era. â€Å"Leadership is the process of directing, controlling, motivating and inspiring staff toward the realization of stated organizational goals† (Clegg, S.R. Kornberger, M. Pitsis. 2011, p.126.) Leadership in the post-bureaucratic era is essential for the success of a company, and also plays part into the Sustainability of Ethics and Corporate Social ResponsibilityRead MoreEthical Practices and Values as a Means to Business Sustainability1606 Words   |  7 Pagesworld, different types of business have emerged and business operations have become the cornerstone of making a success, however the way in which they are operated is what is important. Most businesses hunt the main objective of making a profit without considering how that might affect other factors of society and that is what in most cases diminishes the longevity of the organisation. This research is compiled to explain how good ethical practices and good values in business can yield sustainabilityRead MoreThe Importance of Ethics and Values in Business Sustainability1326 Words   |  6 PagesBusiness Management Research Assignment (chapter 5 11) Q1: The importance of ethics and values in business sustainability: Ethics has to do with an individual’s judgment and their morals. Their ethics help us determine right from wrong. â€Å"Values are attitudes towards things like truths, justice, honesty etc.†( Nieuwenhuizen, Oosthuizen Drotskie 2012:95) Ethics and values are important within a business organisation because they influence morals and decisions within an organisation and need toRead MoreA Handbook to Simplify Ethical and Moral Leadership Essay examples1176 Words   |  5 Pagesoutcomes of a business. Leadership behavior is not only based on knowledge and expertise, it is an expectation that leaders understand the vision and core values that guide moral and ethical leadership at all times. Although morals and ethics are synonymous for the most part, the terms are distinguishable. Simply put, ethics is determinant of acceptable guidelines for behavior of a group or organization while morals exude individual beliefs of right and wrong derived from personal values (DuBrin,Read MoreEthical Implications Of Ethical Leadership830 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Ethical Leadership is defined as the demonstration of normatively appropriate conduct through personal actions and interpersonal relationships, and the promotion of s uch conduct to followers through two-way communication, reinforcement and decision-making†¦ [and] the evidence suggests that ethical leader behaviour can have important positive effects on both individual and organizational effectiveness† (Rubin et al 2010: 216-17). Business ethics are moral principles that guide the way a businessRead MoreBenefits Of Ethical Leadership : A Positive Corporate Reputation, Ethically Empowered Employees, Increased Quality, And Higher1734 Words   |  7 Pagesbenefits of ethical leadership; having a positive corporate reputation, ethically empowered employees, increased quality, and higher customer satisfaction. Ethical leadership will benefit an organization, because it creates a healthy ethical environment, and culture which produces a positive corporate reputation. This will foster employees that; appreciate that ethics is important, recognizes and discusses ethical concerns, works to resolve ethics issues at the lowest level, sees ethics as part of qualityRead MoreHow Ethics Affects Business Relationships Within An Organization Essay1294 Words   |  6 Pages Business ethics, business relationships and leadership make immense contribution towards influencing an organization’s overall existing culture. They all play a key role in an organization s development, success, and achievement through various aspects. There are numerous ways in which business ethics, business relationships, and business leadership affect an organization’s culture. These impacts can have either positive or negative repercussions. Some of the ways through which the business culture

Relationship Between Emotional Productivity- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theRelationship Between Emotional Labor and Productivity. Answer: Emotional labor is defined as the manipulation of outward behavior or inner feelings of an individual to display the emotions in relation to the occupational norms or display rules. The emotion of an individual involves the experiences or expressions in addition to the surface level emotion. Emotional labor is required in all the sectors of the economy. These types of laborers get engaged in an interactive process and thus it improves the performance of the employees. It is also important for the organizations to understand the emotions of the employees and thus provide them necessary support. An important element of emotional laborers is that they expect that people will work in teams and also show positive behaviors. The organization can measure the importance of emotional labor by analyzing the emotional effort and commitment of the workers (Schutte Loi, 2014). The employees in an organization may develop positive or negative feelings towards their job role and this gives rise to the conflict in his or her inner feelings. The supervisors play an important role in judging and analyzing the performance of the employees. This is essential to help the employees in coping with stress. Emotional labor tries to maintain proper co-ordination with their co-workers and mangers so that they can help the organizations to grow exponentially (Platis, Reklitis Zimeras, 2015). There are two important strategies of an emotional labor i.e. deep level and surface level strategies. In the surface level strategies, the employees put mask or show false emotions rather than developing a feeling for them. However, in deep level strategies, the organizations try to judge the employees emotions. Emotional labor creates stress in the workplace and it involves physical and mental costs (Oswald, Proto Sgroi, 2015). This job stress causes more amount of absenteeism in the workplace and thus decreases the productivity of the workers. The employees can manage the emotions by using various kinds of strategies which will not hamper their productivity. The employees must understand the value of their work and thus it will give them accomplishments and a sense of pride for their job. It will motivate them to perform better and thus reduce their stress (Conway et al., 2106). It is also important for the employees to focus on that particular job which they prefer and are willing to work for it. This will help in lifting their mood and it will also give mental satisfaction to the employees. Emotional labor must perform small tasks and thus it will reduce their stress. Emotional labor tries to improve the relationship in the workplace and they are also concerned in building a healthy working environment (Lu Guy, 2014). It is also important to handle the negative emotions constructively. The employees must know how to highlight the problems to the higher authority and thus co-operate with the team members. Emotional labor must talk directly to the team members and the higher authority rather than gossiping. The planning, effort and control of the emotional labor is essential to express their emotions in the interpersonal transactions (Wagner, Barnes Scott, 2014). The emotions are partially expressed in the social environment. Emotional exhaustion and job d issatisfaction affects the productivity of the laborers. It is also important for an individual to suppress or inhibit the feelings. It is important to regulate the emotions although the work environment is chronic. The workers who are emotionally exhausted cannot manifest the turnover of the companies (Durkheim, 2014). The relationship between emotional intelligence and effectiveness of workforce suggests that those organizations which provide guide, help and support to the employees gets more commitment and productivity from them. The employees also do not feel stressed and they can share their emotions and feelings with the management. The management must help the employees in such situation so that they in turn get the same benefit when there is any problem in the organization. For example, it can be said that if an employee is sad or angry towards any co-workers, it will affect his/her performance and also the performance of the co-worker. These will directly affect the organiz ation because the productivity of the employees decreases (Delmas Pekovic, 2013). It is also seen that an emotional labor may have problems with the managers. There are certain tasks which are not suitable for the employees and thus there arises tensions and stress which affects their performance directly. The organizations sometimes force the employees to do multi tasking jobs and these create tension among the employees. The employees also have to bear their family tensions and it is important to balance between their family life and work life. These kinds of domestic issues also affect the productivity of the employees (Gonzalez Iffland, 2014). The organizations also put unhealthy pressure on the employees and thus this can lead to sufferings and stress. Long hours of work, excessive workload and heavy pressure to perform better negatively affect the employees. The productivity of the employees is influenced by the drives and stamina of the employees (Raval Dourish, 2016). The stamina reflects the ability of the employees for sustaining prolonged physical wor k. An employee can only produce more if his mindset is free from stress and tensions. This can be possible if the employees are emotionally stable. The positive emotions of the employees i.e. satisfaction, happiness enhances their productivity. On the other hand, the negative emotions lower the productivity. Anxiety also affects the performance of the employees. They play an important role in the attitudes and behaviors of the individuals (McCarthy, Trougakos Cheng, 2016). Several research studies have indicated that there is a negative relationship between the performance of the employees and anxiety level. It can be said that every kind of jobs requires emotional labor. For example, a doctor must be empathic towards the patients, businessmen must try to control his temperament and anger when he arranges particular meeting. There are different kinds of degrees to manage the emotion of these laborers. These emotions can be controlled by institutional approach and certain kinds of expressions which are considered appropriate. Some approaches may also be considered as impulsive and thus it affects the performance of the employees. In such a situation, the employees cannot disclose their feelings and emotions and they cannot concentrate in their job. These indirectly affect the organizations as well as the employees (Zhang Fung, 2014). Emotional outburst of the employees damages their credibility. If an individual always remains upset in his work, he/she cannot concentrate on the job. Moreover, it also affects the reputation and image of the employees. Thus, it is important for an emotional leader to control his feelings. It is important to stay focused on the task and thus make improvements and progress in that particular field. It is also seen that an emotional employees always remain tensed and stressed with small issues and thus it affects their performance. The emotions, moods and overall dispositions of the employees lay an important impact on teamwork, turnover, creativity, leadership and negotiations. Emotion can be described either as an interpersonal or individualized response to the stimulus. It is important to control the emotions as well as shape the emotional attitude of other individuals. Emotional labor is thus taken as serious behavior and attitude of the groups, individuals and organizations. It a ffects loyalty, customer satisfaction and financial performance in the organizations. Thus, it can be said that emotional labor involves the process of regulation of the expressions and feelings for the fulfillment of the organizational goals. It is important to manage the emotions for the maximization of well being of an individual. It is tough to stay focused on the job and make progress keeping aside the emotions of the employees. Staying focused on the work is important and the employees deserve to do and thus help the organization to grow. This will not only benefit the employees but also the organization. Therefore, it is important to concentrate on the work and remain focused rather than taking unnecessary tensions. It can be said that emotional labor has low productivity and thus it leads to employees burnout. Reference List Conway, E., Fu, N., Monks, K., Alfes, K., Bailey, C. (2016). Demands or resources? The relationship between HR practices, employee engagement, and emotional exhaustion within a hybrid model of employment relations.Human Resource Management,55(5), 901-917. Delmas, M. A., Pekovic, S. (2013). Environmental standards and labor productivity: Understanding the mechanisms that sustain sustainability.Journal of Organizational Behavior,34(2), 230-252. Durkheim, E. (2014).The division of labor in society. Simon and Schuster. Gonzalez, A. M., Iffland, C. (2014). Introduction. InCare Professions and Globalization(pp. 1-29). Palgrave Macmillan US. Lu, X., Guy, M. E. (2014). How emotional labor and ethical leadership affect job engagement for Chinese public servants.Public Personnel Management,43(1), 3-24. McCarthy, J. M., Trougakos, J. P., Cheng, B. H. (2016). Are anxious workers less productive workers? It depends on the quality of social exchange.Journal of Applied Psychology,101(2), 279. Oswald, A. J., Proto, E., Sgroi, D. (2015). Happiness and productivity.Journal of Labor Economics,33(4), 789-822. Platis, C., Reklitis, P., Zimeras, S. (2015). Relation between job satisfaction and job performance in healthcare services.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,175, 480-487. Raval, N., Dourish, P. (2016, February). Standing out from the crowd: Emotional labor, body labor, and temporal labor in ridesharing. InProceedings of the 19th ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work Social Computing(pp. 97-107). ACM. Schutte, N. S., Loi, N. M. (2014). Connections between emotional intelligence and workplace flourishing.Personality and Individual Differences,66, 134-139. Wagner, D. T., Barnes, C. M., Scott, B. A. (2014). Driving it home: How workplace emotional labor harms employee home life.Personnel Psychology,67(2), 487-516. Zhang, L., Fung, A. Y. (2014). Working as playing? Consumer labor, guild and the secondary industry of online gaming in China.new media society,16(1), 38-54.